Aims: This study aims to enhance the design of augmented reality (AR) technologies for remote collaboration by examining the complex relationships among individual factors (user characteristics), psychological and physiological states during AR-mediated remote collaboration, and outcomes within an Input-Mediator-Output (IMO) model. The goal is to evaluate how individual characteristics influence psychological and physiological experiences, as well as task performance, in AR-mediated collaboration.

Methods: We hypothesize and evaluate an IMO model and use correlation analyses to examine the relationships among person-related input variables (e.g., predispositions, traits, attitudes, states, and contextual factors), psychological and physiological emergent states, and performance-related output variables.

Results: Our results demonstrate that individual characteristics significantly influence subjective experiences, physiological responses, and task performance, emphasizing the critical role of individual differences, alongside task- and technology-related factors, in shaping collaboration experiences and performance. These findings highlight the importance of considering individual characteristics in the design of AR tools to optimize user well-being and performance outcomes.

Conclusion: Our study provides a foundational framework for understanding the interplay between individuals, tasks, and technology, underscoring the need for AR tools that align with user characteristics. It also lays the groundwork for future IMO research in AR-mediated remote collaboration, contributing to the development of more effective and health-promoting AR technologies.

This paper explores two virtual child simulators, BabyX and the VR Baby Training Tool, which provide immersive, interactive platforms for child-focused research and training. These technologies address key ethical and practical constraints, enabling the systematic study of caregiver-infant interactions and the development of professional relational skills with young children. We examine their design, features, and applications, as well as their future trajectories, highlighting their potential to advance research and improve training methodologies.

Aims: To give a comprehensive understanding of current research on immersive empathic computing, this paper aims to present a systematic review of the use of Virtual Reality (VR), Mixed Reality (MR), and Augmented Reality (AR) technologies in empathic computing, to identify key research trends, gaps, and future directions.

Methods: The PRISMA methodology was applied using keyword-based searches, publishing venue selection, and citation thresholds to identify 77 papers for detailed review. We analyze these papers to categorize the key areas of empathic computing research, including emotion elicitation, emotion recognition, fostering empathy, and cross-disciplinary applications such as healthcare, learning, entertainment and collaboration.

Results: Our findings reveal that VR has been the dominant platform for empathic computing research over the past two decades, while AR and MR remain underexplored. Dimensional emotional models have influenced this domain more than discrete emotional models for eliciting, recognizing emotions and fostering empathy. Additionally, we identify perception and cognition as pivotal factors influencing user engagement and emotional regulation.

Conclusion: Future research should expand the exploration of AR and MR for empathic computing, refine emotion models by integrating hybrid frameworks, and examine the relationship between lower body postures and emotions in immersive environments as an emerging research opportunity.

Aims: Recent world events have resulted in companies using remote meeting tools more often in design processes. The shift to remote meeting tools has had a notable impact on collaborative design activities, such as design reviews (DRs). When DRs depend on computer-aided design (CAD) software, the lack of direct support for CAD functionalities in videoconferencing applications introduces novel communication challenges, i.e. friction. This study investigates friction encountered in real world remote DRs when using a combination of standard CAD and videoconferencing applications. The objective was to understand the main sources of friction when carrying out DRs using a combination of CAD and videoconferencing applications.

Methods: At a single Swedish automobile manufacturer, 15 DRs of a fixture component were passively observed. These observations were subjected to a qualitative thematic analysis to identify categories and sources of friction during these DRs. The DRs were carried out using a combination of CATIA CAD software and Microsoft Teams for videoconferencing.

Results: The analysis of the 15 remote DRs identified four recurring friction categories: requesting specific viewpoints, indicating specific elements, expressing design change ideas, and evaluating ergonomics. Each category highlights specific challenges that were observed during the DRs and emerged due to constraints imposed by existing methods and technologies for remote meetings.

Conclusion: This study provides a framework for understanding the current sources of friction in remote DRs using videoconferencing tools. These insights can support the future development of DR software tools, guiding the integration of features that address these friction points. Additionally, the results serve as a guideline for organizations to implement methods that reduce friction in remote DRs and improve DR quality and efficacy.