Ageing and Cancer Research & Treatment

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Ageing and Cancer Research & Treatment (ACRT, Print ISSN 2972-4759 Online ISSN 2972-4767) is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal published online and owned by Science Exploration Press. The journal is dedicated to the promulgation of research addressing how ageing affects carcinogenesis and host-tumor interactions in humans and experimental models. Basic, translational and clinical cancer research from genes to molecules to tissues and organs in the context of ageing will be considered. The journal welcomes Research Articles, Reviews, Meta-Analyses, Commentaries, Perspectives, Technical Notes, Editorials, Opinions, etc. more >
Articles
Does ageing modulate interactions between mesothelioma cells, macrophages, and tumour endothelial cells?
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It is becoming increasingly clear that the tumour microenvironment (TME) adopts a changing and increasingly complex landscape as tumours evolve. Central to the TME, and alongside malignant cells, are tissue resident and recruited macrophages, other immune ...
MoreIt is becoming increasingly clear that the tumour microenvironment (TME) adopts a changing and increasingly complex landscape as tumours evolve. Central to the TME, and alongside malignant cells, are tissue resident and recruited macrophages, other immune cells, and endothelial cells, with the latter critical for angiogenesis and tumour development. Tumour vessels provide oxygen and nutrients and are portals for immune cells. Tumour cells, immune cells and endothelial cells engage in multi-directional crosstalk that untimately influence tumour progression and treatment responses. Adding to complexity, the TME often consists of oxygenated, and oxygen deprived or hypoxic regions, with the latter significantly contributing to disease progression and treatment resistance. However, the function of immune cells and endothelial cells change with ageing, and this underexplored area likely influences the aged TME and disease outcomes in the elderly. Solid cancers such as mesothelioma with known carcinogen exposure (asbestos) take decades to reach a diagnosable size, often emerging in people aged 60 years or more. Here, we discuss the influence of ageing on the function of tumour-associated immune cells, focussing on macrophages, and their possible interactions with endothelial cells, and how this might impact the evolving mesothelioma TME in elderly people.
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Lelinh Duong, ... Delia J Nelson
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DOI:https://doi.org/10.70401/acrt.2025.0012 - November 8, 2024
Ribociclib plus letrozole alters the blood immune profile in older patients with HR+/HER2- metastatic breast cancer
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Aims: The combination of CDK4/6 inhibitors and endocrine therapy (ET) is a standard first-line therapy for hormone receptor positive (HR+)/HER2- metastatic breast cancer (mBC). Preliminary data suggest that CDK4/6 inhibitors can alter the host ...
MoreAims: The combination of CDK4/6 inhibitors and endocrine therapy (ET) is a standard first-line therapy for hormone receptor positive (HR+)/HER2- metastatic breast cancer (mBC). Preliminary data suggest that CDK4/6 inhibitors can alter the host immune function and stimulate tumor cell-directed immunity. However, clinical data are scarce, and no data exist about the impact of age and frailty on this phenomenon.
Materials and Methods: This biomarker substudy of the RibOB trial evaluated the impact of ribociclib and letrozole on circulating immune cell subsets and protein markers in older (≥ 70 years) patients with HR+/HER2-mBC. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell subtyping and analysis of plasma immune response and checkpoint markers were performed using flow cytometry at baseline and after three months of ribociclib + ET. Frailty status was assessed at baseline using G8 score.
Results: 20 patients (median age: 76 years, range: 70 - 87 years), 8 considered fit (G8 > 14), and 12 frail (G8 ≤ 14), were included. After three months of treatment, the immune subset composition showed significant increases in naïve B-, T-regulatory (Tregs), and CD4+ T-cells, while memory B-cells and Tregs were significantly decreased. In addition, consistent upregulation was seen in costimulatory receptors CD27 and CD28. Plasma immune checkpoint markers B7.2 (CD86) and PD-1 were significantly decreased. The immune subset profiles of fit versus frail persons showed no statistically significant difference.
Conclusions: The study shows that the combination of ribociclib and ET modulates the immune system in older patients, potentially reversing the age-related immunosenescence process by increasing naïve T-cell and B-cell populations and decreasing memory populations.
Clinical trial registration number: NCT03956654.
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Yentl Lambrechts, ... Hans Wildiers
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DOI:https://doi.org/10.70401/acrt.2024.84 - May 24, 2024
Immunotherapy: should we worry about immunosenescence?
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The global aging population is expected to experience a nofigure increase in cancer incidence, particularly among individuals aged 70 and older. At the same time, the extensive use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in cancer treatment raises questions ...
MoreThe global aging population is expected to experience a nofigure increase in cancer incidence, particularly among individuals aged 70 and older. At the same time, the extensive use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in cancer treatment raises questions about the influence of immunosenescence, the age-related decline in immune function, on treatment efficacy in older patients. Despite promising outcomes, resistance to immunotherapies and the occurrence of severe immune-related adverse events (irAEs) remain challenges. Limited research has explored the correlation between immunosenescence markers in peripheral blood and the tumour microenvironment (TME), frailty, and ICI response, and irAEs in older patients. This commentary explores the interrelationship between immunosenescence and immunotherapy in older and frail patients with cancer undergoing ICI therapy. Understanding the impact of immunosenescence on treatment response and irAEs, and identifying reliable biomarkers, is crucial for future research in geriatric oncology, as this will possibly facilitate patient stratification and personalized treatment approaches, ultimately improving patient outcomes while minimizing irAE-related risks.
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Asli Özkan, ... Johanneke E. A. Portielje
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DOI:https://doi.org/10.70401/acrt.2024.104 - April 22, 2024
Treatment with the thymic polypeptide fraction Biomodulina T potentiates immune responses in older adults and cancer patients: an overview of the most recent studies
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Over the past 50 years, the world has experienced a progressive demographic shift resulting in a higher proportion of older adults in the general population. Aging itself is a complex biological phenomenon, characterized in part by changes in the immune system, ...
MoreOver the past 50 years, the world has experienced a progressive demographic shift resulting in a higher proportion of older adults in the general population. Aging itself is a complex biological phenomenon, characterized in part by changes in the immune system, known as "immunosenescence", that make older adults more susceptible to infections, cardiovascular and autoimmune diseases, and cancer. Several strategies have been proposed to reverse immunosenescence. These include the use of hormones, cytokines, and thymic factors. Biomodulina T (BT) is a polypeptide fraction derived from bovine thymus. Intervention with BT expands naïve CD4+ T cells while decreasing the frequency of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells expressing PD1 in older adults and patients diagnosed with advanced lung cancer. This brief review aims to present the most recent evidence on the effect of BT on the immune system in older adults and patients diagnosed with advanced lung cancer.
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Danay Saavedra, ... Agustín Lage
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DOI:https://doi.org/10.37155/2972-4759-2024-02-01-2 - April 11, 2024
Ageing and its role in modulating healthy and tumour-associated macrophages
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Western and third world countries alike are experiencing population ageing with people living longer. The World Health Organization website states that ‘between 2015 and 2050, the proportion of the world's population over 60 years will nearly double from ...
MoreWestern and third world countries alike are experiencing population ageing with people living longer. The World Health Organization website states that ‘between 2015 and 2050, the proportion of the world's population over 60 years will nearly double from 12% to 22% reaching 2.1 billion’, and that ‘the number of persons aged 80 years or older is expected to triple between 2020 and 2050 to reach 426 million’. However, the elderly (i.e., those aged over 65 years) are 11 times more likely to develop cancer than younger people; this is illustrated by GLOBOCAN 2020 data showing that greater than 50% of people who had cancer were 65 or older in 2018. This age-related cancer emergence may in part be due to increasing dysregulation of the immune system or “immunosenescence”. Macrophages are pivotal immune cells in maintaining homeostasis and in regulating inflammatory responses during immunological insults, such as cancer, where they can perform anti-tumourigenic functions. Yet, tumour-associated macrophages are well known for their ability to promote tumour growth, with numbers often correlating to cancer progression and poorer outcomes. Macrophages contribute to this by secreting growth and angiogenic factors, and they closely interact with endothelial cells and cancer cells to help shape the tumour microenvironment. During ageing, macrophage response to environmental stimuli becomes dysregulated including impaired anti-tumour functions. Furthermore, increased number of macrophages and precursor cells are observed in lymphoid organs that can supply to tumours with ageing. Such age-related changes, including those to endothelial cells, may promote cancer development and lead to poorer cancer outcomes in elderly people. In this review, we discuss recent findings concerning how macrophages are modulated during healthy ageing and in cancer, with a focus on macrophage and endothelial cell interactions.
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Lelinh Duong, ... Delia J Nelson
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DOI:https://doi.org/10.37155/2972-4759-2024-02-01-1 - February 22, 2024
Ribociclib plus letrozole alters the blood immune profile in older patients with HR+/HER2- metastatic breast cancer
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Aims: The combination of CDK4/6 inhibitors and endocrine therapy (ET) is a standard first-line therapy for hormone receptor positive (HR+)/HER2- metastatic breast cancer (mBC). Preliminary data suggest that CDK4/6 inhibitors can alter the host ...
MoreAims: The combination of CDK4/6 inhibitors and endocrine therapy (ET) is a standard first-line therapy for hormone receptor positive (HR+)/HER2- metastatic breast cancer (mBC). Preliminary data suggest that CDK4/6 inhibitors can alter the host immune function and stimulate tumor cell-directed immunity. However, clinical data are scarce, and no data exist about the impact of age and frailty on this phenomenon.
Materials and Methods: This biomarker substudy of the RibOB trial evaluated the impact of ribociclib and letrozole on circulating immune cell subsets and protein markers in older (≥ 70 years) patients with HR+/HER2-mBC. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell subtyping and analysis of plasma immune response and checkpoint markers were performed using flow cytometry at baseline and after three months of ribociclib + ET. Frailty status was assessed at baseline using G8 score.
Results: 20 patients (median age: 76 years, range: 70 - 87 years), 8 considered fit (G8 > 14), and 12 frail (G8 ≤ 14), were included. After three months of treatment, the immune subset composition showed significant increases in naïve B-, T-regulatory (Tregs), and CD4+ T-cells, while memory B-cells and Tregs were significantly decreased. In addition, consistent upregulation was seen in costimulatory receptors CD27 and CD28. Plasma immune checkpoint markers B7.2 (CD86) and PD-1 were significantly decreased. The immune subset profiles of fit versus frail persons showed no statistically significant difference.
Conclusions: The study shows that the combination of ribociclib and ET modulates the immune system in older patients, potentially reversing the age-related immunosenescence process by increasing naïve T-cell and B-cell populations and decreasing memory populations.
Clinical trial registration number: NCT03956654.
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Yentl Lambrechts, ... Hans Wildiers
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DOI:https://doi.org/10.70401/acrt.2024.84 - May 24, 2024
Does ageing modulate interactions between mesothelioma cells, macrophages, and tumour endothelial cells?
-
It is becoming increasingly clear that the tumour microenvironment (TME) adopts a changing and increasingly complex landscape as tumours evolve. Central to the TME, and alongside malignant cells, are tissue resident and recruited macrophages, other immune ...
MoreIt is becoming increasingly clear that the tumour microenvironment (TME) adopts a changing and increasingly complex landscape as tumours evolve. Central to the TME, and alongside malignant cells, are tissue resident and recruited macrophages, other immune cells, and endothelial cells, with the latter critical for angiogenesis and tumour development. Tumour vessels provide oxygen and nutrients and are portals for immune cells. Tumour cells, immune cells and endothelial cells engage in multi-directional crosstalk that untimately influence tumour progression and treatment responses. Adding to complexity, the TME often consists of oxygenated, and oxygen deprived or hypoxic regions, with the latter significantly contributing to disease progression and treatment resistance. However, the function of immune cells and endothelial cells change with ageing, and this underexplored area likely influences the aged TME and disease outcomes in the elderly. Solid cancers such as mesothelioma with known carcinogen exposure (asbestos) take decades to reach a diagnosable size, often emerging in people aged 60 years or more. Here, we discuss the influence of ageing on the function of tumour-associated immune cells, focussing on macrophages, and their possible interactions with endothelial cells, and how this might impact the evolving mesothelioma TME in elderly people.
Less -
Lelinh Duong, ... Delia J Nelson
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DOI:https://doi.org/10.70401/acrt.2025.0012 - November 8, 2024
Immunotherapy: should we worry about immunosenescence?
-
The global aging population is expected to experience a nofigure increase in cancer incidence, particularly among individuals aged 70 and older. At the same time, the extensive use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in cancer treatment raises questions ...
MoreThe global aging population is expected to experience a nofigure increase in cancer incidence, particularly among individuals aged 70 and older. At the same time, the extensive use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in cancer treatment raises questions about the influence of immunosenescence, the age-related decline in immune function, on treatment efficacy in older patients. Despite promising outcomes, resistance to immunotherapies and the occurrence of severe immune-related adverse events (irAEs) remain challenges. Limited research has explored the correlation between immunosenescence markers in peripheral blood and the tumour microenvironment (TME), frailty, and ICI response, and irAEs in older patients. This commentary explores the interrelationship between immunosenescence and immunotherapy in older and frail patients with cancer undergoing ICI therapy. Understanding the impact of immunosenescence on treatment response and irAEs, and identifying reliable biomarkers, is crucial for future research in geriatric oncology, as this will possibly facilitate patient stratification and personalized treatment approaches, ultimately improving patient outcomes while minimizing irAE-related risks.
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Asli Özkan, ... Johanneke E. A. Portielje
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DOI:https://doi.org/10.70401/acrt.2024.104 - April 22, 2024
Elderly lung cancer patients show tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T Cell responses enriched with PDCD1 and CXCL13 after neoadjuvant therapy with Anti-PD-1
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Aims: Aged individuals are significantly underrepresented in immunotherapy clinical trials for cancer. Little is known regarding the immunological and molecular dynamics that might regulate their responsiveness to immune checkpoint inhibitors ...
MoreAims: Aged individuals are significantly underrepresented in immunotherapy clinical trials for cancer. Little is known regarding the immunological and molecular dynamics that might regulate their responsiveness to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). This study aims to investigate the mechanisms affecting the response of elderly non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients to anti-PD-1 therapy.
Methods: We performed a single-cell analysis on public data from 419,107 tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) across 11 elderly (≥ 65 years) and 5 non-elderly NSCLC patients treated with neoadjuvant anti-PD-1 therapy. The dataset, originally focused on mutation-associated neoantigen-specific T cells, was reprocessed to compare gene expression and molecular patterns associated with positive outcomes and tumor clearance between age groups.
Results: The analysis revealed that ICI responsiveness was not impaired by age, and T cell immunosenescence was observed in aged (≥ 65 years) and younger NSCLC individuals. Both elderly and young individuals produced responses with a heterogeneous molecular program associated with tumor-reactive CD8+ TILs. Specifically, T cells from elderly patients showed an enhanced expression of PDCD1 and CXCL13 (P < 0.001) in comparison to younger subjects.
Conclusion: Altogether, our findings demonstrate favorable molecular signatures in aged NSCLC individuals following anti-PD-1 treatment and suggest that the recruitment of older adults in immunotherapy clinical trials should not be dismissed solely on the grounds of age.
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Fernanda Tereza Bovi Frozza, ... Cristina Bonorino
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DOI:https://doi.org/10.37155/2972-4759-2023-01-01-3 - June 28, 2023
Ageing and Cancer Research & Treatment
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Increasing life expectancy globally results in predictions that one in six people will be > 65 years of age by 2050. Because the occurrence of most cancers is strongly associated with older age, a significant increase in the number of older adults with cancer is ...
MoreIncreasing life expectancy globally results in predictions that one in six people will be > 65 years of age by 2050. Because the occurrence of most cancers is strongly associated with older age, a significant increase in the number of older adults with cancer is to be expected. It is likely that increased cancer in older adults can be explained both by the greater duration of exposure to external factors such as ultraviolet radiation, alcohol, smoking and pollution (hence modifiable by non-medical means) as well as intrinsic factors (such as metabolic stress and reactive oxygen species). These insults contribute to DNA damage and mutation that can lead to carcinogenesis if not counteracted by the appropriate repair mechanisms, or other protective strategies. Tissues from cancer-free individuals frequently contain mutations commonly observed in cancer, but these cells remain dormant until some endogenous or exogenous events promote carcinogenesis. In ageing individuals, less efficient surveillance and immune responses against cancer may represent one such event, as well as the chronic low level inflammation commonly accompanying ageing. Additionally, because of comorbidities, older patients are less robust and it is more likely that polypharmacy interferes with cancer treatment. Despite all this awareness of the impact of ageing, most cancer research, both clinical and preclinical, fails to fully consider age-associated differences in cancer occurrence and treatment, and there are very few journals specifically dedicated to publishing explorations of these issues in either the basic research or clinical context. Hence, the time has come to establish a new journal dedicated to taking a holistic approach to all aspects of cancer in older individuals. We are therefore now welcoming papers that may shed light on these increasingly important issues.
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Bueno Valquiria, Pawelec Graham
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DOI:https://doi.org/10.70401/acrt.2023.54 - March 15, 2023
Ribociclib plus letrozole alters the blood immune profile in older patients with HR+/HER2- metastatic breast cancer
-
Aims: The combination of CDK4/6 inhibitors and endocrine therapy (ET) is a standard first-line therapy for hormone receptor positive (HR+)/HER2- metastatic breast cancer (mBC). Preliminary data suggest that CDK4/6 inhibitors can alter the host ...
MoreAims: The combination of CDK4/6 inhibitors and endocrine therapy (ET) is a standard first-line therapy for hormone receptor positive (HR+)/HER2- metastatic breast cancer (mBC). Preliminary data suggest that CDK4/6 inhibitors can alter the host immune function and stimulate tumor cell-directed immunity. However, clinical data are scarce, and no data exist about the impact of age and frailty on this phenomenon.
Materials and Methods: This biomarker substudy of the RibOB trial evaluated the impact of ribociclib and letrozole on circulating immune cell subsets and protein markers in older (≥ 70 years) patients with HR+/HER2-mBC. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell subtyping and analysis of plasma immune response and checkpoint markers were performed using flow cytometry at baseline and after three months of ribociclib + ET. Frailty status was assessed at baseline using G8 score.
Results: 20 patients (median age: 76 years, range: 70 - 87 years), 8 considered fit (G8 > 14), and 12 frail (G8 ≤ 14), were included. After three months of treatment, the immune subset composition showed significant increases in naïve B-, T-regulatory (Tregs), and CD4+ T-cells, while memory B-cells and Tregs were significantly decreased. In addition, consistent upregulation was seen in costimulatory receptors CD27 and CD28. Plasma immune checkpoint markers B7.2 (CD86) and PD-1 were significantly decreased. The immune subset profiles of fit versus frail persons showed no statistically significant difference.
Conclusions: The study shows that the combination of ribociclib and ET modulates the immune system in older patients, potentially reversing the age-related immunosenescence process by increasing naïve T-cell and B-cell populations and decreasing memory populations.
Clinical trial registration number: NCT03956654.
Less -
Yentl Lambrechts, ... Hans Wildiers
-
DOI:https://doi.org/10.70401/acrt.2024.84 - May 24, 2024
Elderly lung cancer patients show tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T Cell responses enriched with PDCD1 and CXCL13 after neoadjuvant therapy with Anti-PD-1
-
Aims: Aged individuals are significantly underrepresented in immunotherapy clinical trials for cancer. Little is known regarding the immunological and molecular dynamics that might regulate their responsiveness to immune checkpoint inhibitors ...
MoreAims: Aged individuals are significantly underrepresented in immunotherapy clinical trials for cancer. Little is known regarding the immunological and molecular dynamics that might regulate their responsiveness to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). This study aims to investigate the mechanisms affecting the response of elderly non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients to anti-PD-1 therapy.
Methods: We performed a single-cell analysis on public data from 419,107 tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) across 11 elderly (≥ 65 years) and 5 non-elderly NSCLC patients treated with neoadjuvant anti-PD-1 therapy. The dataset, originally focused on mutation-associated neoantigen-specific T cells, was reprocessed to compare gene expression and molecular patterns associated with positive outcomes and tumor clearance between age groups.
Results: The analysis revealed that ICI responsiveness was not impaired by age, and T cell immunosenescence was observed in aged (≥ 65 years) and younger NSCLC individuals. Both elderly and young individuals produced responses with a heterogeneous molecular program associated with tumor-reactive CD8+ TILs. Specifically, T cells from elderly patients showed an enhanced expression of PDCD1 and CXCL13 (P < 0.001) in comparison to younger subjects.
Conclusion: Altogether, our findings demonstrate favorable molecular signatures in aged NSCLC individuals following anti-PD-1 treatment and suggest that the recruitment of older adults in immunotherapy clinical trials should not be dismissed solely on the grounds of age.
Less -
Fernanda Tereza Bovi Frozza, ... Cristina Bonorino
-
DOI:https://doi.org/10.37155/2972-4759-2023-01-01-3 - June 28, 2023
Immunotherapy: should we worry about immunosenescence?
-
The global aging population is expected to experience a nofigure increase in cancer incidence, particularly among individuals aged 70 and older. At the same time, the extensive use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in cancer treatment raises questions ...
MoreThe global aging population is expected to experience a nofigure increase in cancer incidence, particularly among individuals aged 70 and older. At the same time, the extensive use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in cancer treatment raises questions about the influence of immunosenescence, the age-related decline in immune function, on treatment efficacy in older patients. Despite promising outcomes, resistance to immunotherapies and the occurrence of severe immune-related adverse events (irAEs) remain challenges. Limited research has explored the correlation between immunosenescence markers in peripheral blood and the tumour microenvironment (TME), frailty, and ICI response, and irAEs in older patients. This commentary explores the interrelationship between immunosenescence and immunotherapy in older and frail patients with cancer undergoing ICI therapy. Understanding the impact of immunosenescence on treatment response and irAEs, and identifying reliable biomarkers, is crucial for future research in geriatric oncology, as this will possibly facilitate patient stratification and personalized treatment approaches, ultimately improving patient outcomes while minimizing irAE-related risks.
Less -
Asli Özkan, ... Johanneke E. A. Portielje
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DOI:https://doi.org/10.70401/acrt.2024.104 - April 22, 2024
Does ageing modulate interactions between mesothelioma cells, macrophages, and tumour endothelial cells?
-
It is becoming increasingly clear that the tumour microenvironment (TME) adopts a changing and increasingly complex landscape as tumours evolve. Central to the TME, and alongside malignant cells, are tissue resident and recruited macrophages, other immune ...
MoreIt is becoming increasingly clear that the tumour microenvironment (TME) adopts a changing and increasingly complex landscape as tumours evolve. Central to the TME, and alongside malignant cells, are tissue resident and recruited macrophages, other immune cells, and endothelial cells, with the latter critical for angiogenesis and tumour development. Tumour vessels provide oxygen and nutrients and are portals for immune cells. Tumour cells, immune cells and endothelial cells engage in multi-directional crosstalk that untimately influence tumour progression and treatment responses. Adding to complexity, the TME often consists of oxygenated, and oxygen deprived or hypoxic regions, with the latter significantly contributing to disease progression and treatment resistance. However, the function of immune cells and endothelial cells change with ageing, and this underexplored area likely influences the aged TME and disease outcomes in the elderly. Solid cancers such as mesothelioma with known carcinogen exposure (asbestos) take decades to reach a diagnosable size, often emerging in people aged 60 years or more. Here, we discuss the influence of ageing on the function of tumour-associated immune cells, focussing on macrophages, and their possible interactions with endothelial cells, and how this might impact the evolving mesothelioma TME in elderly people.
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Lelinh Duong, ... Delia J Nelson
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DOI:https://doi.org/10.70401/acrt.2025.0012 - November 8, 2024
Is less always more? Emerging treatment concepts in geriatric hemato-oncology
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The outcomes of older adults with cancer are still dismal despite some progress within the last years. This is mainly due to comorbidities, overall frailty, and differences in disease biology. The better understanding of tumor biology and immunology has enabled ...
MoreThe outcomes of older adults with cancer are still dismal despite some progress within the last years. This is mainly due to comorbidities, overall frailty, and differences in disease biology. The better understanding of tumor biology and immunology has enabled the use of targeted therapies and immunotherapies that are potentially better tolerated than traditional chemotherapies. Several randomized trials were recently published that demonstrated a benefit of integrated onco-geriatric care including geriatric interventions on treatment-related toxicities and quality of life during cancer treatment of older adults. Furthermore, other pivotal trials adapted treatment intensities based on frailty. Despite these efforts, older and frail adults are still underrepresented in clinical trials. This leads to a major lack of an evidence-based standard of care in geriatric oncology. In this narrative review, we discuss pivotal trials, practical implications, under- and overtreatment, altered pharmacokinetics at older age, and future perspectives for geriatric oncology.
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Nina Rosa Neuendorff, ... Konstantinos Christofyllakis
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DOI:https://doi.org/10.70401/acrt.2023.59 - April 15, 2023
Special Issues
Immunosenescence and Cancer Development: Opportunities and Challenges
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Submission Deadline: 15 Sep 2025
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Published articles: 0
Telomeres in Aging and Cancer
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Submission Deadline: 15 Sep 2025
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Published articles: 0
Ageing and Immunotherapy in Cancer
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Submission Deadline: 30 Jun 2025
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Published articles: 0