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Journal of Building Design and Environment (JBDE, Print ISSN 2811-0730; Online ISSN 2811-0749) is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal, published triannually and owned by Science Exploration Press (from Volume 2 Issue 3, 2024). Focusing on ecological architectural design, JBDE integrates architectural engineering, architectural aesthetics, sustainable development, and urban planning. more >
Articles
Influence on BIM project performance at project life-cycle stages: A network perspective
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It has been extensively shown that Building Information Modelling (BIM) improves project performance, which is impacted by various critical performance factors of BIM project (CPFs-BP). However, it has become a difficult problem in theory and practice to ...
MoreIt has been extensively shown that Building Information Modelling (BIM) improves project performance, which is impacted by various critical performance factors of BIM project (CPFs-BP). However, it has become a difficult problem in theory and practice to determine the most important CPFs-BP impacting BIM project performance (BPP) at various life-cycle stages. In light of this information gap, the goal of this study is to identify the most important CPFs-BP and identify the stages at which BIM can be applied to enhance BPP through specific
LessCPFs-BP. Using a review of the literature, this work first discovers and characterizes 17 CPFs-BP. Then, by constructing atwo-dimensional, two-mode network of heterogeneous nodes, this study demonstrates the top seven CPFs-BP, the relationship between CPFs-BP andlife-cycle stages, and the relative significance of various life-cycle stages in BIM projects using descriptive methods and complex network theory. BPP prediction models were then constructed and validated utilizing fitness parameters using MATLAB and data obtained from expert interviews and surveys. Lastly, five specific strategies are put forth to enhance BPP: increasing BIM accuracy during the construction phase, enhancing stakeholders’ capacity to coordinate the design of construction documents, enhancing BIM accuracy during the completion phase, fostering cooperation between conceptual design organizations, and utilizing the BIM system environment during the construction phase. Important BIM project stakeholders can apply the study’s conclusions. Finally, five specific approaches to improving BPP are proposed: improving BIM accuracy at the construction stage, stakeholders’ ability to organize construction document design, BIM accuracy at the completion stage, collaboration between conceptual design organizations, and the BIM system environment during the construction stage. The study is useful for key stakeholders in BIM projects who can put its findings into practice and help evaluate BPP throughout the project’s life cycle. -
Lin Yang, ... Xianbo Zhao
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.70401/jbde.2025.0022 - December 31, 2025
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This article belongs to the Special Issue Digital Transformation in Construction: Innovations and Challenges
Development and pilot application of a novel design for disassembly assessment framework and method entitled ‘STaMPD’—applied in the design and prototyping of a modular circular wall over cladding system
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Several EU policy and legislative initiatives aim to tackle the problem of major resource use and waste within the built environment, both energy and materials, including plans to decarbonise the sector and implement circularity principles. The use of modular ...
MoreSeveral EU policy and legislative initiatives aim to tackle the problem of major resource use and waste within the built environment, both energy and materials, including plans to decarbonise the sector and implement circularity principles. The use of modular systems in deep energy retrofit is argued to present an accelerated decarbonisation pathway with potential to implement advanced circularity. However, modular retrofit and the integration of circularity in the built environment and its assessment is an emerging area of research with the literature identifying need for comprehensive assessment methods demonstrated in practical case studies. This paper examines the development of a novel holistic design for disassembly assessment framework and method piloted in the prototype design of modular wall over-cladding systems in the deep energy retrofit of social housing in Ireland under the EU Drive 0 project. The findings indicate significant differences in design for disassembly performance between the modular circular solution and a conventional solution, with differences in performances at all construction levels. The method provides a holistic and detailed assessment but is critiqued in terms of complexity and user subjectivity relating to the assessment stage, data availability and professional knowledge and/or experience, with a revised adapted method proposed. The research contributes to knowledge in highlighting the potential and complexity of achieving advanced design for disassembly in practice, demonstrating that there are significant differences in the performances across construction types and hierarchy and that assessment methods need to be robust, holistic, sufficiently detailed but not overly complex for application in practice.
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Patrick Daly, Paula Gallego Barril
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.70401/jbde.2025.0021 - December 29, 2025
Enhancing the shear properties of U-Shaped steel wire mesh reinforced 3D printed composites
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3D-printed concrete (3DPC) represents a rapidly developing technology with numerous applications in construction. The properties of 3DPC under both static and dynamic loads can be enhanced by incorporating reinforcement. This study presents a novel reinforcement ...
More3D-printed concrete (3DPC) represents a rapidly developing technology with numerous applications in construction. The properties of 3DPC under both static and dynamic loads can be enhanced by incorporating reinforcement. This study presents a novel reinforcement technique utilizing U-shaped steel wire mesh (U-shape SWM). This technique involves integrating both horizontal and vertical reinforcements during the concrete printing process. Additionally, a new fabrication process was developed using a dual-arm robotic system, with each arm equipped with shaping and welding tools, to autonomously create U-shape SWM structures. An experimental investigation was conducted on specimens reinforced with either flat or U-shape SWM reinforcements under flexural loading. Compared to the specimens reinforced with a single layer of 6-mm flat SWM under a shear-span ratio of 2, those incorporating one layer of U-shape SWM combined with two layers of 6-mm flat mesh exhibited a 200% increase in failure load and a 26.09% increase in cracking load, while the ultimate displacement decreased by approximately 6%. Under a reduced shear-span ratio of 0.5, this reinforcement configuration reached a failure load of 43.6 kN, a cracking load of 16.1 kN, and an ultimate displacement of 11.1 mm. Furthermore, an analytical model based on the strut-tie model was developed to predict the load-bearing capacity of the reinforced specimens. The model predictions showed good correspondence with the experimental results.
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Genbao Zhang, ... Yufei Wang
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.70401/jbde.2025.0020 - December 16, 2025
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This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Construction Materials, Structures and Geotechnical Engineering
Automated approach for indoor geometric quality inspection data collection based on BIM and quadruped robot equipped with LiDAR
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Indoor geometric quality inspection plays a crucial role in construction quality control. Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) can obtain point cloud data of the indoor environments in full range, which then can be utilized to efficiently extract geometric ...
MoreIndoor geometric quality inspection plays a crucial role in construction quality control. Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) can obtain point cloud data of the indoor environments in full range, which then can be utilized to efficiently extract geometric features of building elements for inspection. However, existing data collection of indoor environments using LiDAR is still manually planned and implemented, which is quite time-consuming as the scanning space is usually unknown and the movability of equipment is limited. Therefore, this paper proposes an automated approach for indoor geometric quality inspection data collection based on Building Information Model (BIM) and quadruped robot equipped with LiDAR. First, BIM with accurate geometric and semantic information of building is integrated with heuristic algorithm to automate scan planning, including scan stations and order. Second, Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) integrates with BIM is equipped into a quadruped robot to achieve automated data collection capability. Finally, an intelligent execution module for scanning point cloud data in indoor environments is introduced. The proposed approach is validated in real indoor environments. Compared with traditional data collection methods, the experiment results show that the proposed approach can save 42% of scanning time, and the scanned point cloud data has better quality and enough density, which significantly improves the efficiency of inspection data collection for indoor geometric quality management. By unifying BIM-driven planning, SLAM-based localization, and quadruped robot mobility into a single framework, this study introduces a novel approach for large-scale automated indoor inspection, with attention to connected areas to ensure continuity across multiple spaces.
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Yi Tan, ... Qian Wang
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.70401/jbde.2025.0019 - November 18, 2025
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This article belongs to the Special Issue BIM-Driven Intelligent Construction and Operation
A multi-agent debate workflow for construction projects: A cross-stage decision framework
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The growing complexity of construction projects demands decision processes that can integrate diverse professional perspectives across design, cost control, construction, and acceptance. Traditional sequential management approaches often leave conflicts ...
MoreThe growing complexity of construction projects demands decision processes that can integrate diverse professional perspectives across design, cost control, construction, and acceptance. Traditional sequential management approaches often leave conflicts unresolved until late stages, causing delays, cost overruns, and rework. To address this issue, this study develops a cross-stage workflow for construction projects that embeds artificial intelligence into collaborative decision-making. The workflow employs digital agents representing different roles, which engage in structured debates supported by evidence from building information modeling models, engineering drawings, cost records, and technical standards. Through iterative exchanges, alternative solutions are proposed, challenged, and refined, with the process producing decisions that are transparent, traceable, and adaptable to changing project conditions. Results from four representative scenarios confirm significant improvements over conventional practice: unresolved design clashes were reduced by more than 40%, cost forecast deviations narrowed from around 12% to below 5%, schedule variance under disruption decreased by about 18%, and first-pass acceptance rates increased from 74% to 88% with fewer reworks. A longer-term case study further demonstrated reductions in cost variance and project duration, together with higher stakeholder satisfaction. By coupling AI-enabled debate mechanisms with established digital construction environments, the workflow turns disciplinary conflicts into structured reasoning that enhances decision quality. The findings highlight how intelligent and collaborative approaches can deliver measurable gains in cost, time, and quality, while offering a practical pathway for advancing smart construction practices.
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Hao Yin
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.70401/jbde.2025.0018 - November 14, 2025
Roles of robotics in architectural and engineering construction industries: review and future trends
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Over the past two decades, the field of robotics in construction has evolved into an interdisciplinary research domain that combines a multitude of pressing technologies. This work introduces an innovative review framework that assesses the interconnection ...
MoreOver the past two decades, the field of robotics in construction has evolved into an interdisciplinary research domain that combines a multitude of pressing technologies. This work introduces an innovative review framework that assesses the interconnection between robotics in construction and automation, while also examining advancements in technologies. In this research, a novel classification framework was created and a comprehensive literature review was performed to shed light on recent developments in the field of robotic construction. The objectives are to delineate the diverse dimensions of robotics in construction, uncover the underlying themes and sub-themes within these dimensions, identify key research gaps in the current studies, and provide recommendations for future research endeavors. This paper concluded that the existing research focus primarily on technical aspects in robotics within construction, neglecting environmental considerations, while identifying a lack of long-term studies on structural performance, hindering concerns about durability. Additionally, challenges persist in integrating robotics into construction workflows without disruption, compounded by the absence of standardized practices and regulations, alongside concerns about safe human-robot interaction, affordability, and accessibility. Furthermore, inadequate training programs for workers and ethical concerns regarding job displacement, privacy, and societal impacts underscore the need for careful examination in the responsible and ethical deployment of robotics technologies. Finally, research efforts should emphasize the development of user-friendly interfaces and ergonomic designs for construction robots to enhance their usability and acceptance among workers, ultimately contributing to the successful integration of robotics into construction practices.
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Abdullah Al Masri, ... Mohammad K. Najjar
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.37155/2811-0730-0302-9 - April 19, 2024
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This article belongs to the Special Issue Towards Net Zero Energy Mass Custom Homes and Communities
A framework of BIM-IoT application in construction projects through multiple case study approach
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This study investigates the integration of Building Information Modeling (BIM) and the Internet of Things (IoT) in construction projects to enhance efficiency, safety, and lifecycle monitoring. Despite the significant potential of BIM and IoT to facilitate ...
MoreThis study investigates the integration of Building Information Modeling (BIM) and the Internet of Things (IoT) in construction projects to enhance efficiency, safety, and lifecycle monitoring. Despite the significant potential of BIM and IoT to facilitate the transformation of the construction industry, existing research lacks a comprehensive framework that addresses its interoperability challenges, data security concerns, and real-world implementation barriers. To address this gap, a multiple case study approach was employed, incorporating semi-structured interviews, document analysis, and real-world project evaluations. The results find that standardized protocols, data encryption, and modular IoT devices are essential for effective BIM-IoT adoption across different construction phases. The proposed framework offers a structured approach for construction teams to effectively utilize BIM and IoT, facilitating smarter and more sustainable project management. The contribution of this paper resides in the detailed analysis of the BIM-IoT applications, clearly demonstrating its advantages, such as improving building productivity and safety, and its potential to align with China’s sustainable urban development goals. The study also provides a forward-looking prediction of the future development trend of BIM-IoT in China, offering valuable insights for construction project teams and decision makers. By demonstrating the structured framework and its practical application, this study provides guidance for the industry’s transition to smarter and safer construction practices.
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Yixin Hong, Fangyu Guo
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.70401/jbde.2025.0004 - March 29, 2025
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This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Planning and Operation for Sustainable Construction
A statistical analysis of the energy performance characteristics for the residential building stock in Jordan
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The residential sector is responsible for the consumption of 46% of the building’s total primary energy consumption in Jordan. The Jordanian housing stock will need to be significantly improved to meet the government’s commitment to reduce national emissions ...
MoreThe residential sector is responsible for the consumption of 46% of the building’s total primary energy consumption in Jordan. The Jordanian housing stock will need to be significantly improved to meet the government’s commitment to reduce national emissions by 2050. This research aims to examine the available statistical data on residential buildings, to help better understand the current state of housing stock in Jordan and pave the way to generate a national housing stock model, as well as to identify opportunities in improving the energy efficiency of these buildings. The study synthesized data from the Department of Statistics housing survey and the Jordan Green Building Council survey to investigate the Jordanian national housing stock. The aggregated data was examined using a descriptive statistical analysis method. The data was then merged to provide aggregated datasets with detailed building characteristics.The study successfully characterized residential buildings archetypes and identified a range of typical thermal performance-related building characteristics (e.g., envelope properties, heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems, lighting systems, etc.). The findings of the statistical analysis can be useful for policymakers in Jordan to gain insights into the current state of the housing stock, identify trends and patterns, and make informed decisions and initiatives such as the improvement of regulatory building code requirements for energy efficiency.
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Reham Alasmar, ... Esfandiar Burman
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.37155/2811-0730-0201-8 - September 21, 2023
Understanding the fundamental barriers to environmental management system implementation in developing countries
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Construction organizations in developing nations constantly lag in embracing changes in innovation, environmental sustainability, and safety, amongst others. Their contributions to environmental degradation, resulting in health-related consequences ...
MoreConstruction organizations in developing nations constantly lag in embracing changes in innovation, environmental sustainability, and safety, amongst others. Their contributions to environmental degradation, resulting in health-related consequences for construction stakeholders, are also alarming. Implementing environmental management tools such as environmental management systems (EMS) is often advocated to address the negative environmental impacts of construction organizations. Construction firms in developed nations have embraced EMS and implemented it to enhance construction business, environmental performance, and construction workers’ health, while similar evidence is not recorded in developing nations. Therefore, this study investigated the barriers to EMS implementation through a survey of construction professionals in the Nigerian construction industry. 106 valid data were analyzed using factor analysis, Cronbach’s alpha test, and fuzzy synthetic evaluation (FSE). The results of the factor analysis revealed four groups of barriers to EMS implementation, which are prioritized in the order of knowledge-related, stakeholders-related, process-related, and cultural-related barriers with FSE. The relationships between the four classes of barriers were determined using interpretive structural modelling (ISM) in which “knowledge-related barriers” are indicated as the core barrier to EMS implementation. To address the barriers to EMS implementation, organizing training, providing the needed resources for environmental education, collaborating with construction stakeholders, providing a reward system, and others were recommended. This study contributes theoretically and practically to environmental-related discourses in the construction industry. Theoretically, utilizing FSE provides an interesting insight that acknowledges the unique challenges of developing nations in the domain. Practically, this study gives an actionable focus for construction stakeholders to domesticate EMS within the local construction environment, thereby improving knowledge of the importance of environmental sustainability and pro-environmental behaviors.
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Lekan Damilola Ojo, ... Emmanuel Kingsford Owusu
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.70401/jbde.2024.0003 - October 24, 2024
Towards healthier dining environments: evaluating indoor air quality in Dubai restaurants
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This study investigates the indoor air quality (IAQ) of restaurants in Dubai with a focus on the impact of cooking-related pollutants on the health and comfort of both employees and patrons. Recognizing the release of particulate matter (PM), carbon oxides, ...
MoreThis study investigates the indoor air quality (IAQ) of restaurants in Dubai with a focus on the impact of cooking-related pollutants on the health and comfort of both employees and patrons. Recognizing the release of particulate matter (PM), carbon oxides, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during cooking, the study highlights the importance of maintaining healthy IAQ in restaurants. The study includes a detailed case analysis, evaluating current air quality standards, identifying potential pollutants, and assessing their implications. A preliminary assessment, combined with a quantitative inspection of the kitchen and dining areas, set the foundation for a survey conducted among staff and customers. This survey identified key areas of concern and the variables essential for monitoring to maintain IAQ at optimal levels. The study measured parameters such as PM2.5, PM10, temperature, humidity, interior lighting, CO, and total VOCs using appropriate instruments. Results indicated that cooking activities contribute to elevated levels of particulate matter, suggesting a need for enhanced ventilation or air purification systems to ensure a healthy working environment. While some employees reported discomfort during working hours, customer feedback was largely positive, with around 90% expressing satisfaction with the restaurant’s IAQ. The findings underscore the importance of continuous monitoring and improvement of IAQ in the hospitality industry to safeguard the well-being of both staff and patrons.
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Priji Biju, ... Bashaer Saumer
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.70401/jbde.2024.0006 - November 19, 2024
Deep learning insights on the banning of engineered stone: decoding public sentiments in Australia
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Amid growing global attention to occupational health and safety, the construction industry faces critical challenges associated with engineered stone, which emits high concentrations of respirable crystalline silica during processing and has been linked ...
MoreAmid growing global attention to occupational health and safety, the construction industry faces critical challenges associated with engineered stone, which emits high concentrations of respirable crystalline silica during processing and has been linked to severe lung diseases. In response, Australia enacted a comprehensive nationwide ban on engineered stone in July 2024. Drawing on media framing theory, this study analyzes public discourse and sentiment surrounding the ban by examining 7,198 comments collected from Reddit and YouTube. Through Latent Dirichlet Allocation, three dominant themes emerged: health risks and safety concerns, economic impacts and industry transition, and regulatory implementation. Sentiment analysis revealed that 55.5% of the comments expressed negative sentiment, mainly centered on economic concerns, while 21.3% were positive, emphasizing health benefits, and 23.1% were neutral. Economic impact frames predominated among negative comments, whereas health risk frames were more common in positive ones. These findings suggest that future policy communications should more effectively integrate narratives around both health protection and economic transition. This study contributes to the methodological development of sentiment analysis and offers practical insights for policy formulation and implementation.
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Yuan Sheng, ... Jian Zuo
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.70401/jbde.2025.0007 - May 15, 2025
A framework of BIM-IoT application in construction projects through multiple case study approach
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This study investigates the integration of Building Information Modeling (BIM) and the Internet of Things (IoT) in construction projects to enhance efficiency, safety, and lifecycle monitoring. Despite the significant potential of BIM and IoT to facilitate ...
MoreThis study investigates the integration of Building Information Modeling (BIM) and the Internet of Things (IoT) in construction projects to enhance efficiency, safety, and lifecycle monitoring. Despite the significant potential of BIM and IoT to facilitate the transformation of the construction industry, existing research lacks a comprehensive framework that addresses its interoperability challenges, data security concerns, and real-world implementation barriers. To address this gap, a multiple case study approach was employed, incorporating semi-structured interviews, document analysis, and real-world project evaluations. The results find that standardized protocols, data encryption, and modular IoT devices are essential for effective BIM-IoT adoption across different construction phases. The proposed framework offers a structured approach for construction teams to effectively utilize BIM and IoT, facilitating smarter and more sustainable project management. The contribution of this paper resides in the detailed analysis of the BIM-IoT applications, clearly demonstrating its advantages, such as improving building productivity and safety, and its potential to align with China’s sustainable urban development goals. The study also provides a forward-looking prediction of the future development trend of BIM-IoT in China, offering valuable insights for construction project teams and decision makers. By demonstrating the structured framework and its practical application, this study provides guidance for the industry’s transition to smarter and safer construction practices.
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Yixin Hong, Fangyu Guo
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.70401/jbde.2025.0004 - March 29, 2025
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This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Planning and Operation for Sustainable Construction
Roles of robotics in architectural and engineering construction industries: review and future trends
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Over the past two decades, the field of robotics in construction has evolved into an interdisciplinary research domain that combines a multitude of pressing technologies. This work introduces an innovative review framework that assesses the interconnection ...
MoreOver the past two decades, the field of robotics in construction has evolved into an interdisciplinary research domain that combines a multitude of pressing technologies. This work introduces an innovative review framework that assesses the interconnection between robotics in construction and automation, while also examining advancements in technologies. In this research, a novel classification framework was created and a comprehensive literature review was performed to shed light on recent developments in the field of robotic construction. The objectives are to delineate the diverse dimensions of robotics in construction, uncover the underlying themes and sub-themes within these dimensions, identify key research gaps in the current studies, and provide recommendations for future research endeavors. This paper concluded that the existing research focus primarily on technical aspects in robotics within construction, neglecting environmental considerations, while identifying a lack of long-term studies on structural performance, hindering concerns about durability. Additionally, challenges persist in integrating robotics into construction workflows without disruption, compounded by the absence of standardized practices and regulations, alongside concerns about safe human-robot interaction, affordability, and accessibility. Furthermore, inadequate training programs for workers and ethical concerns regarding job displacement, privacy, and societal impacts underscore the need for careful examination in the responsible and ethical deployment of robotics technologies. Finally, research efforts should emphasize the development of user-friendly interfaces and ergonomic designs for construction robots to enhance their usability and acceptance among workers, ultimately contributing to the successful integration of robotics into construction practices.
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Abdullah Al Masri, ... Mohammad K. Najjar
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.37155/2811-0730-0302-9 - April 19, 2024
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This article belongs to the Special Issue Towards Net Zero Energy Mass Custom Homes and Communities
Understanding the fundamental barriers to environmental management system implementation in developing countries
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Construction organizations in developing nations constantly lag in embracing changes in innovation, environmental sustainability, and safety, amongst others. Their contributions to environmental degradation, resulting in health-related consequences ...
MoreConstruction organizations in developing nations constantly lag in embracing changes in innovation, environmental sustainability, and safety, amongst others. Their contributions to environmental degradation, resulting in health-related consequences for construction stakeholders, are also alarming. Implementing environmental management tools such as environmental management systems (EMS) is often advocated to address the negative environmental impacts of construction organizations. Construction firms in developed nations have embraced EMS and implemented it to enhance construction business, environmental performance, and construction workers’ health, while similar evidence is not recorded in developing nations. Therefore, this study investigated the barriers to EMS implementation through a survey of construction professionals in the Nigerian construction industry. 106 valid data were analyzed using factor analysis, Cronbach’s alpha test, and fuzzy synthetic evaluation (FSE). The results of the factor analysis revealed four groups of barriers to EMS implementation, which are prioritized in the order of knowledge-related, stakeholders-related, process-related, and cultural-related barriers with FSE. The relationships between the four classes of barriers were determined using interpretive structural modelling (ISM) in which “knowledge-related barriers” are indicated as the core barrier to EMS implementation. To address the barriers to EMS implementation, organizing training, providing the needed resources for environmental education, collaborating with construction stakeholders, providing a reward system, and others were recommended. This study contributes theoretically and practically to environmental-related discourses in the construction industry. Theoretically, utilizing FSE provides an interesting insight that acknowledges the unique challenges of developing nations in the domain. Practically, this study gives an actionable focus for construction stakeholders to domesticate EMS within the local construction environment, thereby improving knowledge of the importance of environmental sustainability and pro-environmental behaviors.
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Lekan Damilola Ojo, ... Emmanuel Kingsford Owusu
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.70401/jbde.2024.0003 - October 24, 2024
Net Zero Energy Buildings for low-carbon cities: Progress, challenges, and future directions
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Net Zero Energy Buildings (NZEBs) offer a transformative pathway for decarbonizing the built environment by integrating energy-efficient design, renewable energy systems, and smart grid interaction. This review positions NZEBs as critical enablers of ...
MoreNet Zero Energy Buildings (NZEBs) offer a transformative pathway for decarbonizing the built environment by integrating energy-efficient design, renewable energy systems, and smart grid interaction. This review positions NZEBs as critical enablers of low-carbon cities, highlighting their ability to balance annual energy demand through both passive strategies and active technologies. Evidence from the literature shows that advanced envelope materials can reduce heating and cooling loads by up to 18.2%, window retrofits lower thermal loads by 15.5%, and rooftop photovoltaic systems can supply up to 70% of household energy demand in certain regions. The review traces the evolution of NZEBs from early solar integration to contemporary climate-responsive designs aligned with global sustainability frameworks. It also identifies persistent challenges, including high upfront costs, climate-dependent performance variability, and retrofitting difficulties in dense urban contexts. Future directions are suggested in the areas of advanced materials (e.g., aerogels, phase-change composites), urban-scale microgrids for energy sharing, and policy harmonization to strengthen grid resilience. Successful deployment of NZEBs will additionally require interdisciplinary collaboration, standardized international codes, and financial incentives to overcome existing barriers.
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Qi Li, ... Jiayu Chen
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.70401/jbde.2025.0014 - September 30, 2025
Frontier Forums
Special Issues
Sustainable Construction Management: Advances in Optimization, Safety, and Health
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Submission Deadline: 31 May 2026
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Published articles: 0
Applications of Embodied Intelligence and Machine Vision for Built Environments
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Submission Deadline: 30 Apr 2026
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Published articles: 0
Smart and Sustainable Buildings: Innovations in Energy, Occupant Behavior, and Complex Systems
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Submission Deadline: 31 Mar 2026
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Published articles: 0
Digital Twins, Automation, and Advanced Technologies in Industry 4.0
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Submission Deadline: 28 Feb 2026
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Published articles: 0






